The Types of Computer Printers

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Computer printers are categorized by how the ink gets splattered on the paper. Other subcategories of printer are based on the printer’s features. Printers fall into several general groups. Here’s the short list:

• Inkjet, photo, and all-in-one: The inkjet, photo, and all-in-one printers all use the same basic method for putting ink on paper: Tiny balls of ink are lobbed directly on the paper. Because the teensy-tiny ink balls stick to the paper, this type of printer needs no ribbon or toner cartridge.
• Laser: Laser printers are found primarily in the office environment, where they can handle the high workload. The printer uses a laser beam to create the image, similar to a photocopier, which uses an image reflection. The result is crisp and fast output, but not as inexpensive as the inkjet type of printer.
  A laser printer that can print in color is known as a color laser printer. The regular (noncolor) laser printer uses only one color of ink — usually, black.
• Impact: Impact printers are few and far between these days, although once they were the dominant type of computer printer. These printers are slower and noisier than the other types of printers. They use a ribbon and some device that physically bangs the ribbon on the paper. Because of that, impact printers are primarily used now in printing invoices or multicopy forms. They’re not practical for home use.
  
  
  
  
  Use Page Setup to Troubleshoot PC Printing
  
  By Dan Gookin from Troubleshooting Your PC For Dummies, 3rd Edition
  The Print dialog box is where settings are made that affect how things are printed, but it’s not the only place to look to try to diagnose printing problems. Another location is the Page Setup dialog box.
  To access the Page Setup dialog box, choose the File→Page Setup command. In certain newer Windows programs, the Page Setup command may be found on the File tab, which is the leftmost tab above the toolbar. The Page Setup command may be on the Print or Publish submenu on the File tab.
  Though the Page Setup box may appear to have nothing to do with printing, it has a lot to do with how the page you print is formatted, including some items you might think would fall into the Print dialog box but do not:
  Margins: To set your document’s margins, you use the Page Setup dialog box. In the Page Setup dialog box example, you click the Margins tab to specify how far out the text is displayed on the page.
  Paper size: When printing on a sheet of paper of a special size, you must use the Page Setup dialog box to set the paper size.
  Paper orientation: Whether printing longways (landscape) or normal (portrait), you choose the page orientation in the Page Setup dialog box.
  Paper source: When your printer has more than one paper tray, the source is chosen in the Page Setup dialog box, not in the Print dialog box.
  Printing is the mechanical job of putting a document on paper with ink. The duties of the Page Setup dialog box are document formatting, not printing.
  
• In some applications, the Page Setup command on the File menu might be titled Document Setup.
• Sometimes you access the Page Setup dialog box by pressing a button — for example, in the Print dialog box.
• When you choose another paper size in the Page Setup dialog box, don’t forget to stock your printer with the new paper size. The printer’s display may remind you of the paper swap, or it may not.
• Not every printer is capable of printing to the full edge of a piece of paper. Many printers cannot print within a half-inch of the paper’s edge. Some printers can go farther, but usually one edge of the page is necessary to help pull the sheet through the printer. On that one edge, you must have a margin.

Web Development

The ABCs of Web Development

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Web development can often be an utterly perplexing affair. Today, aimed at beginners, I’d like to introduce you to twenty six concepts or technologies, each mapping to a letter of the alphabet. Sounds wonky? It probably is! Let’s get started after the jump.

 

 

--> A — AJAX AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML and is the main driving force behind all these super smooth web applications you’ve been using over the past few years.
AJAX, as a technology, has been pretty much all pervasive. GMail? Check. Flickr? Check. eBay? Check. You can even find it in WordPress’ administration panel. So what exactly does it do and how does it do it?
At the center of everything is the XMLHttpRequest which allows calls to be sent and received, after a page has been fully rendered without touching the rest of the page. This essentially means that a web application doesn’t have to go through the a full page refresh for each and every action. This, in turn, provides a much smoother, much immersive, desktop like user experience.

B — Browser

A browser is the understated structure on which you frame your magnificent masterpieces, be it websites or applications. They aren’t limited to retrieving websites though — modern web browsers are quite the multitasking beasts. My installation, for example, taps into IRC, FTPs into my development servers and syncs my credentials across every device I use.
As you may have surmised, browsers are simultaneously the cause of much cheer and rage to the modern web developer – they’re invaluable tools as well as annoying beasts. Any developer who has to make sure that his work has to look perfect in every browser will know the pain.

C — CSS

CSS is one prong of the front end development trident. CSS, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is the language with which you define how a page is displayed — its presentation, if you will.
During the horror days of web development, developers would frequently weave the presentation code into their source. CSS, amongst other technologies, alleviated this greatly by providing a method to cleave presentation from the content.

D — DOM

The DOM, an abbreviation of Document Object Model, is the accepted convention for interacting with HTML [or XML] documents. The DOM API provides a way to traverse and manipulate a document programmatically.

E — Events

Modern web applications are deeply event driven affairs. But what’s an event? Most things you do on a web page constitute an event. The trepidatious hover over a funny but possibly NSFW link, clicking on a button, pressing tab to move to the next text field are all valid events.
Event handling refers to the process where we attach a specific chunk of code to be run whenever a certain event is fired. Again, this is one of those fundamental concepts behind modern web development that you’ll need to master.

F — Firebug

Any craftsman needs his tools to work efficiently. Web developers aren’t deviants from this rule. One of the most robust tools around is Firebug.
Firebug is a Firefox extension that will galvanize your workflow. It lets you edit and monitor a page’s every aspect on the fly. I can’t quite explain all the features it provides so make sure to hit the links below.

G — Grid

Grids are the visual frameworks on which pages are structured. Ported over from the once burgeoning print industry, grids are an essential part of the modern web development workflow.
There are a number of CSS frameworks catering to exactly this need since building a grid based layout, for a non-trivial number of pages and layouts, can be an exercise in masochism.

H — HTML

If you’re reading this today, you probably already have a vague idea as to what this is. If you got tricked into this link though, read on. By the way, welcome to Nettuts! We write about web development, cookies and Justin Bieber.
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, the defacto markup language of the web — it’s to web pages as bricks are to homes. HTML consists of several components or elements — tags, tag attributes and the content enclosed within the tags.
The latest version of the HTML standard, HTML5, is now upon us bringing a number of new features, streamlining the workflow and fixing a few incompatibilities.

I — IE

Ahh, Internet Explorer. The name evokes both awe and anger. Once a hero which brought forth impressive new features to the market, single handedly moving the industry forward, it also dropped the ball by letting the browser stagnate. Till date, it’s also the leading cause of alopecia in front ends developers. After a decade of battering, the latest version of Internet Explorer, 9, is once again in the right path towards innovation.
Whatever your stance towards Internet Explorer is, it’s an intrinsic and inextricable part of the web development process.

J — JavaScript

JavaScript is the final member of the essential web development trio. JavaScript, which is NOT Java, is the scripting language of the web. Its use in billions of web pages and, more importantly, web sites stakes that claim. You define behavior through JavaScript — managing events, manipulating the DOM and talking to the server.
Thanks to the incredible adoption of libraries, like jQuery, awareness and knowledge of JavaScript has been growing every year, year after year. I think it’s appropriate to say that JavaScript is an absolute must for every modern web developer.

K — Keyword Optimization

SEO relates only tangentially to web development but even then, it’s important for a web developer to have basic knowledge of what SEO is and what it does.
Keyword optimization refers to the process of choosing the correct keywords for your website and then optimizing them so your audience can find your site. While you’re dabbling with all the tenets of SEO, remember this: content is king. If you have bad content with excellent SEO, users will find you but leave soon after. If you have good content, users will find you and stay

L — Less

Less is a stylesheet language with a few aces up its sleeves. Their website states that LESS extends CSS with dynamic behavior such as variables, mixins, operations and functions and I’m inclined to agree.
LESS is CSS on anabolic steroids. Yes, it sounded better in my head but you know what it means. It brings the concepts of a dynamic language to CSS thereby making humongous stylesheets a lot more easier to manage.

M — MVC

The Model View Controller pattern, better known as MVC, is one of the most used in the web development world. It’s an architectural pattern that separates each part of a web application into logical chunks for better maintainability — models handle data, views handle presentation while the controller coordinates the flow of information between the two.
If you’ve used a modern web development framework, you’ve used MVC. Ruby on Rails, Code Igniter and Zend Framework all use this pattern.

Most Recent Computer Technology

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Do you know what is in your computer? Maybe you peeked when the repair technician was installing amazing for you. When you primary open up the CPU and seem inside, a computer is a very intimidating machine. But once you are acquainted with about the dissimilar parts that make up a total computer it gets a lot easier. Today’s computer consists of around eight main devices; some of the advanced computers might have a few additional mechanisms. What are these eight main components and what are they used for? We will start with beginner level facts to get you in progress.

First is the Power Supply. The authority provides is used to provide electrical energy to all of the mechanism in your computer. It is usually a rectangular box and is more often than not located in one of the corners of the computer. To find it intended for sure, look to see where the authority cable plug into the back of the computer and you have found the power supply. Most authority supplies today are intended in wattage and approach in 50 watt increments (500 watt, 550, 600, etc

Second is the Motherboard. All of the mechanism is connected into the motherboard; it doesn’t mean that it is the brain of the processor. Yes it holds the brain and helps it act together with all the other mechanism of the machine.
The third and a very important component of a computer is the CPU (Central Processing Unit), Known as the brain of the computer and nothing is going to happen without it. All major calculation performed by a computer are carried out inside its CPU. It is also responsible for activating and controlling the operations of other units of the system. The faster the CPU can do these calculations and give the correct answers, the faster the computer runs for the user. CPUs are now measured in gigahertz (Ghz) and they are at present up to our 3.8GHz or faster
A fourth component is the RAM (Random Access Memory). RAM is used as momentary working storage for the computer. We have different types of RAM memory with different speed, but it should match with your motherboard so that it can work properly. The more RAM you have in your computer, the better your computer will work.
The fifth component is the Hard drive. This is where you can store everything. Our material on the hard drive includes the operating system (Windows XP, etc), games, and different types of software, etc. over the year the capacity of the hard drive is continuously improving and in the interval of few years its capacity have gone from around 20MB to over 500GB and more. So you can store a lot more information on your computer such as games, pictures, videos, applications, and more.
Sixth component is Cooling fans. Often most computers come with one cooling fan or it might have several. Its help to cool down the heat generated by others components, Such as power supply, the CPU, and some high-end video cards. The work of all of your cooling fans is to get this heat out of the case so that nothing overheats and breaks. While most of the noise you hear coming from a computer can be credited to the cooling fans, remember to be tolerant. The cooling fan is your friend!
Our Seventh and final component is the mixture of several different devices. These are the Cd-rom, DVD drives, floppy Drive and Backup devices such as external hard drive.
Newest compute processor
Latest computer provides high speed dispensation, great presentation, effortless multitasking and a theatrical increase in your output. Get the most out of it with a new PC. Today’s desktops and notebook present greater performance, quality and dependability than ever previous to. These computers have 2X faster presentation, less waiting, sleek design and keep you productive, entertained and knowledgeable. New technology gives you the presentation you require in the design you desire. Let’s take a look on Next Generation computer.
NEW
Dual-Core processor
Core(TM) 2 Duo Processor

Quad-Core computer
Technologyb2b bring in you with the latest buzz on novel tech world. It is the right place to discover and shop tech stuff. The high tech stuff that we will cover here includes
Desktop, laptops, software and hardware foodstuffs, HDTV, home theater, and gadget like (Pads, cell phones, digital cameras, and bipod) and even tech books also. It is the put to find hottest software and hardware and coolest gadgets.

Tower vs. Rack vs. Blade Servers

Tower vs. Rack vs. Blade Servers – Picking the Right Server Review

There are three basic types of servers to choose from: Tower, Rack, and Blade servers. They are all feature unique benefits and limitations that need to be taken into consideration when choosing which type is right for you. Common considerations that need to be taken into consideration include overall cost, space, power, cooling, and scalability. Each type of server excels and lacks in different areas, so making the right decision is essential to preventing problems in the future.
Businesses have come to rely on three different types of servers: Tower, Rack, and Blade servers. IDC research firm discovered that currently 40% of small and mid-sized businesses in the United State are using Dell servers, almost 25% are using HP, and no other server vendor has been able to capture more than 5% of the market. Even with the market being dominated by vendors, the type of server being used varies by a far greater amount. All three types of servers were designed to fit a specific set of needs, and it is important to understand what each of them can offer you. Here is a look at all tower, rack, and blade servers and their unique benefits and limitations.

Tower Servers
Tower servers are the most basic, and often most recognizable, servers available. They have been considered the workhorse of the IT industry for years. Tower servers are stand-alone units that have all of the traditional server components including hard disks, motherboards and CPU’s. Their size and cost is fairly comparable to a similar desktop PC. Towers are often the best choice for smaller businesses or other environments where available space is less of a concern. They are often very powerful and often include additional bundled software programs. The reason that they are more powerful is because they can have more drives than the other options, additionally they are much easier to keep cool.
The largest drawback of using tower servers is the space that they require. Since towers are limited to wall and floor space, their scalability becomes limited. Aside from being the largest servers available, they also have an average higher operating cost than other options. This includes power, networking, and management personnel. They are also not the ideal solution if mobility is a concern.

Rack Servers
Rack servers are specially designed to be stored in racks, hence the name. This type of server initially became popular simply because of their space saving abilities, especially within datacenters. Most major racks are designed to adhere to the IEEE standard and are measured in “rack units” or “U’s”. The main motivation behind the design of rack servers is to provide vertical and horizontal scalability. Additionally, many other complimentary electronic devices are also designed to adhere to IEEE standards. This means that a rack can hold not only rack servers, but also SAN devices, rack consoles, power backup devices, and much more. This means that you can store everything in one place.
The largest drawback to using rack servers is that they can be very difficult to cool down because so many can fit into such a small space. They are often less powerful than tower servers when compared server to server, however when compared based on space (per square foot) they are fairly comparable.

Blade Servers
Blade servers are very similar to rack servers in many ways, especially in design. However, many components have been removed from them and instead are shared among all of the servers within an enclosure. This often includes cooling and ventilation components, power, networking and other interconnects. This allows blade enclosures to be more economical and extremely scalable. Not all blades are for computing, but rather provide storage, system management, or connectivity for the entire system. There are even blade servers with no disks, but are instead combined with SAN storage for further scalability. Blades often meet IEEE standards so that an entire blade system can be placed in a rack. While many of the blade server advantages can also be found in rack servers, the additional advantages include hot swapping, less cabling, redundancy, and diminished power and size requirements. Hot swapping is the ability to add, replace, or remove a unit without shutting down the entire chassis. This, along with the added redundancy provides excellent reliability.
The biggest drawback of blade servers stems from the advantages. There are a number of components that need to be added to the chassis in order for blade servers to run smooth, including additional storage (SAN) and cooling and ventilation components. Additionally, blade servers tend to be a bit pricier. Also, blade servers can require a lot of energy, which can create greater long-term costs.
All of these servers, Tower, Rack, and Blade, hold unique advantages and drawbacks that need to be taken into consideration. It is important to compare your options and make sure that the type of server that you choose will meet your needs.
Note: This is a Guest Post by Roko Nastic. He is a writer and editor at WebmasterFormat. He writes on various subjects interesting to webmasters like content management systems, website optimization and maintenance, blogging and similar. Visitors to WebmasterFormat can enjoy a lot of useful advices, latest news and read dedicated server reviews.

Windows 8 review

Our definitive look at the final release of the new Windows

By Mary Branscombe from TechRadar  November 6th

60 comments

Page 1 of 14Introduction

Recommended award

Windows 8 is here. With upgrades, new Windows 8 PCs and Windows RT devices now released, this is our definitive verdict on the full, finished Windows 8 operating system.
If you've been following Windows 8 through the development process, especially if you've tried the Release Preview, Windows 8 won't surprise you. The changes between the Release Preview and RTM aren't major, except possibly the removal of Aero Glass transparency from desktop windows and turning Do Not Track (DNT) on by default.

New to Windows 8?Windows 8 represents a fundamental shift in the way Windows works and is far more touchscreen-orientated for use on tablets as well as traditional PCs. If you're completely new to Windows 8 and haven't used a preview version, we'd recommend you check out our guide to the new features you'll find in Windows 8 vs Windows 7 and Windows 8: what you'll need to relearn.

The real difference between this and previous versions is that Windows 8 is finished; it's polished and smooth, with even better performance than in the previews, and none of the rough edges left.

• Confused between Windows 8 versions? Read Making sense of the Windows 8 versions

Even the previously disappointing Modern UI-style apps such as Mail, Calendar, Messaging and People are slick, sleek and far more functional.However, there is still work to do with these apps and Microsoft knows it - it released a major update to them on 10 October and several other updates subseqently.
Many of the apps are now useful and engaging rather than frustrating. This is Microsoft putting it all together.
The company has also just released a major 170MB Windows 8 update to improve performance, battery efficiency and power management.

The new-look desktop, 'modern UI' style features like the Settings bar and 'modern' apps all look more similar than in previews

Running Windows 8 RTM

First of all, it's worth noting that the Windows 8 RTM is still only for x86/64 PCs; there isn't a version of Windows RT for ARM devices that you can download and try out, since there aren't any ARM devices that will run it.
That's because of the extremely custom way that ARM devices are built, where not even the way to control a physical button is standard. Microsoft isn't supporting tablets built to run Android or WebOS, either.

You can put Modern UI apps alongside the desktop

• Windows 8 vs Windows RT: what's the difference?

Much of what we're seeing in the RTM will be the same on Windows RT systems as it is in Windows 8. Most features - from the Start screen user interface to the touch gestures, to the Windows desktop and built-in Windows tools such as File Explorer and Task Manager - will be practically identical (although we don't have a definitive list of which built-in tools will be built in with Windows RT).
The vast majority of apps in the Windows Store will run on both. Microsoft has even confirmed it will offer Flash functionality for IE on Windows RT (at least on what it calls the "initial delivery of Windows RT PCs").
But until we see it in action, we don't know what Windows RT performance and battery life will be like (although the promised battery life for Connected Standby and HD video playback looks impressive, at up to 409 and 13 hours, respectively).

Windows 8 doesn't include the desktop Office apps that will be bundled with Windows RT either - although you can still install the Office 2013 Customer Preview - and of course it runs all the x86 desktop apps that won't work on RT. It also has the optional Windows Media Center, which we don't expect to be available for Windows RT.
Along with the final release, we have the final system requirements for Windows 8; much the same as for Windows 7, with some added requirements for WinRT apps.

• Read: Windows 8 tablets release date, specs and prices

You need a 1GHz or faster CPU (it also needs to support PAE or PAE-NX Physical Address Extension for new security features in the Windows 8 kernel), 1GB of RAM (or 2GB for 64-bit systems), 20GB of hard drive space and a DirectX 9 graphics card with WDDM driver.
If you want to use the Windows Store to download WinRT apps, you need a screen resolution of at least 1024 x 768, and if you want to snap two WinRT apps side by side, that goes up to a minimum of 1366 x 768.

The death of the Desktop PC in 2013?

An executive at Google believes that the Desktop PC will be obsolete in 2013.
Call me old, but I still like desktop PC’s, and I will most likely be one of the die-hard desktop PC lovers.
In the eyes of Google, a Desktop PC has a harddrive for booting the operating system.  Furthermore, it will store and retrieve everything through the Internet.  The future is cloud-based where the harddrive is on the Internet.  Therefore, an Internet connection is the only thing required.
Although it is possible, the Internet providers will have to let go of the maximum upload and/or download limits and give unlimited data transfers at the maximum speeds.  Furthermore, the Internet providers that sell TV, movies and/or telephone services will see their subscriber base dwindle since phone, TV, and movies over Internet is possible.  In North America, many of the Internet providers also provide TV, movies and telephone services also.
If we look at the reasons why this will not be possible, you will see that change must happen.

1. Booting a computer that connects/saves/loads directly to the Internet will have to have a connection that is up 100% of the time.  A failed connection may result in a company unable to do anything with their computer.
2. Games are getting larger, more visually appealing, and more CPU intensive.  Most games download a client to the client’s computer.  This enables the server, hosting the game, to send messages telling the client computer what to show or do to the user or user’s character.  Imagine how much CPU will be required for a server to process absolutely everything.  Furthermore, the data transferred over the pipe may start clogging the networks.
3. Harddrives are getting bigger every year.  If we have a tendency to save, delete or change large files constantly, this can be a serious strain on the networks if many users are doing this.
4. Netflix and voice over IP is a perfect example why the Internet only computing will not work.  Increased competition and/or lower prices.  Mobile phone over IP will be the next step.  Good for the consumer.  I am pretty sure the incumbents will fight to keep this from happening.  Furthermore, with data transfers capped, a harddrive will be required to keep frequently accessed files on board.

Family 9117+01 IBM Mid-range Rack-mounted Server Model 570

Family 9117+01 IBM Mid-range Rack-mounted Server Model 570

 

Product Life Cycle Dates

Type Model	Announced	Available	Marketing Withdrawn	Service Discontinued
9117-570	2004/07/13	2004/08/31	2008/08/29	-

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Abstract

IBM UNIX systems consist of the IBM System p5, IBM eServer pSeries and IBM RS/6000 product lines. Providing unprecedented value, these innovative systems feature IBM's leading-edge technology and run the top-rated UNIX operating system, AIX. This broad product line ranges from powerful workstations ideal for mechanical design; to mission-critical symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) servers for ERP, SCM, CRM, transaction processing, and Web serving; up to parallel RS/6000 SP systems that can handle demanding scientific and technical computing and business intelligence tasks. These platforms provide the power to create change and the flexibility to manage it, with thousands of applications that provide real value. More than 1,000,000 systems have shipped to over 135,000 businesses worldwide.

Model Abstract 9117-570

The 9117 IBM System p5 model 570 Rack-mount Server gives you a modular mid-range solution for managing e-business computing requirements.
The p5-570 uses a 4U rack-mounted server drawer as its basic building block and can be configured with one to four drawers in a single rack.
With two processor card positions per drawer, the p5 model 570 is available in 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-way configurations.
The symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) server uses 2-way processor cards with state-of-the-art, 64-bit, copper-based, POWER5+ processors running at either 1.9 GHz or 2.2 GHz. Each processor card has 36 MB of Level 3 cache and 8 slots for memory DIMMs. The base 2 GB of system memory can be expanded up to 512 GB in a four-drawer system.
Each drawer of a p5-570 system contains six disk drive bays and six 3.3-volt PCI-X slots. With up to 24 disk bays, the model 570 can accommodate up to 3,523.2 GB of internal disk storage. Each drawer can also hold two DVD-RAM or DVD-ROM drives.
Other integrated features include:

• Service processor
• Two 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports per drawer
• Two internal Ultra320 SCSI controllers per drawer
• Two system ports (serial)
• Two USB 2.0 ports per drawer
• Two HMC ports per system
• Two remote I/O (RIO-2) ports per drawer
• Redundant hot-swap power and cooling

Dynamic logical partitioning (LPAR), with optional micro-partitioning, and Capacity on Demand (CoD) are supported on the p5 model 570.
The p5-570 is supported with the IBM eServer pSeries Cluster 1600 running Cluster Systems Management (CSM) V1.4 (AIX and LINUX). For hardware control using CSM, Capacity on Demand, or Advanced Power Virtualization, an HMC is required.
Clients can add the new Power5+ processors to existing systems by ordering an MES upgrade for the new processors. EConfig should be used to create the complete list of add/remove hardware feature codes. This will require updating to the latest firmware code.
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Highlights

See Model Highlights.

Model Highlights 9117-570

The model 570 offers:

• Modular rack-mount design with one to four 4U drawers in a single rack
• 1.9 GHz or 2.2 GHz POWER5+ processors in 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-way configurations
• Up to 512 GB of DDR2 memory per system - 128 GB per drawer
• Up to 7.2 TB of internal disk storage
• Up to 24 hot-swap disk bays and 24 hot-swap PCI-X slots
• Up to eight slimline media bays for DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM
• Cluster 1600 enhancements -- pSeries CSM support for model 570
• Dynamic LPAR and CoD

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Description

Summary of standard features for IBM System p5 model 570:

• Configurations consist of 1, 2, 3, or 4 rack drawers, each 4U high
• Systems can be 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, or 16-way SMP design
• 1.9 GHz or 2.2 GHz POWER5+ 64-bit processors cards, each 2-way
• All processor cards are 2-way, with 0-way active. At least two processors must be activated by ordering the appropriate activation features.
• Two processor card slots per system drawer
• Minimum of 2 GB of memory -- Maximum of 512 GB
• Six hot-swap disk drive bays per drawer -- split 6-pack backplane
  • One to twenty-four internal SCSI disks
• Optional two media bays per drawer -- Up to eight DVD-ROM or DVD-RAM features per system (optional)
• Two RIO-2 ports per drawer for attaching external 7311 I/O drawers
• A maximum of six hot-swap PCI-X slots per drawer:
  • Five 64-bit, 3.3 volt, 133 MHz (long)
  • One 64-bit, 3.3 volt, 133 MHz (short); This slot can also be used to support the RIO-2 Remote I/O Loop Adapter (#1800), if needed.
• Two hot-swap power supplies per drawer
• One service processor
• Integrated functions in each drawer:
  • Dual 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports
  • Two Ultra320 SCSI controllers (internal) with support for an optional RAID daughter card
  • Redundant hot-swap cooling fans
  • Two USB 2.0 ports
  • Two system ports (serial) per system
  • Two HMC ports per system
  • Two Remote I/O (RIO-2) ports

 

OAB in Exchange Server 2013

OAB History

Offline Address Books, fondly referred to as OABs, are a critical component in Exchange infrastructure for a long time now. An OAB is used by Microsoft Outlook clients in Cached Exchange Mode for address book lookups when offline. OABs are also critical in reducing the workload on Exchange servers as cached mode Outlook clients will always query the local OAB first.
The OAB has evolved over Exchange releases. The last major overhaul of OAB architecture was in Exchange Server 2007, where we introduced web-distribution of OAB along with CAS server role taking major responsibility of distributing the OAB. But the OAB generation process itself hasn't changed much.
Until now.
With the change in the server role architecture introduced in Exchange Server 2013, we have also changed the way OABs are generated and distributed to clients. Let’s explore the new OAB in Exchange 2013 by comparing it to its predecessors.

Changes in OAB generation

Which Server will generate the OAB?

In all previous Exchange releases, OAB generation was bound to a specific Exchange server by the Server property. When you install the first Exchange mailbox server, setup designates it as the OAB generation server. You can create new OABs as needed. When creating a new OAB, the OAB generation server has to be specified.
OAB in Exchange Server 2010:

Get-OfflineAddressBook "Default Offline Address Book" | fl name,server

Name : Default Offline Address Book
Server : MBX1

The disadvantage with this approach was that only one server was configured for OAB generation, and it was a single point of failure. If this server was unavailable for a long period, the OAB generation was affected.
In Exchange 2013, the OAB is generated by each Exchange 2013 Mailbox server(s) that hosts a special type of arbitration mailbox, called organization mailbox. OAB generation is not bound by the Server parameter anymore.
OAB in Exchange Server 2013:

Get-OfflineAddressBook "Default Offline Address Book (Ex2012)" | fl name,server

Name : Default Offline Address Book (Ex2012)
Server :

The unbinding of OAB from a specific server allows the same OAB to be generated by multiple Mailbox servers. This new architecture provides greater resiliency in OAB generation.

Which component will generate the OAB?

The Microsoft Exchange System Attendant service was the workhorse responsible for OAB generation in previous Exchange versions. The OAB generation was a scheduled process, i.e. OAB generation would start at the scheduled time configured on the OAB property, irrespective of the work load on the server.
In Exchange 2013, the OABGeneratorAssistant, a mailbox assistant running under the Microsoft Exchange Mailbox Assistants service, generates the OAB. Like most other mailbox assitants, the OABGEnerationAssistant is a throttled process – it runs or pauses according to the workload on the server.

Where are the OAB files stored?

In previous Exchange versions, the OAB generated by the Mailbox server was located in the %ExchangeInstallPath%\ExchangeOAB folder. The folder was shared so the CAS could retrieve the OAB files for distribution to Outlook clients.
In Exchange 2013, the OAB files are generated and stored in the Organization Mailbox first and later copied to the %ExchangeInstallPath%\ClientAccess\OAB\ folder.

Latest HP Server Rack

Hewlett Packard (HP) has lauched a new server rack that is the answer for cost-saving while still having capability to provide the whole weight support for 2,000 pounds of equipment.

The HP v142 server rack is the newcoming product of the company having a front door that is 63 per cent perforated for efficient airflow and cooling system.

Not only having side panels which are easy to manage, but many other component parts are also available such as rack stabilisers, baying and grounding kits, with an extra strong welded frame.

While also being suitable for data centre startups, this server rack is appropriate for using in small and medium-sized industries.

Other solution, recently revealed by HP for a completely different end of the networking market, has been the Performance Optimized Datacentres (POD).

Earlier this year, a resized version of the POD was exposed, with space for ten fully equipped 50U racks in a 20ft shipping container.

Configure a Cisco 3750

How to Configure a Cisco 3750

Cisco Catalyst 3750 is a wireless local area network (LAN) controller switch designed for use in commercial or other large-scale networks. It sports 24 Ethernet ports and supports connections to up to 25 wireless access points, enabling computers connected to it, or members of any wireless access point’s network connected to it, to connect to each other. The Cisco 3750 thus functions as part of a larger networking system, potentially connecting hundreds or thousands of computers over a wide area. The configuration options for such a switch are myriad, but Cisco’s Express Setup configuration tool will help you nail down the basics.
Box Contents of Cisco 3750 Series While buying


Guide to Configure Cisco 3750 Switch(Tips: Ethernet cable you’ll need)
Step1. Disconnect any computers or other devices from the switch and unplug the switch’s power supply.
Step2. Reconnect the switch’s power supply to a grounded AC outlet. The switch’s indicator lights will flash while it performs a self-test. Wait until the “SYST” light on the switch turns solid green, indicating the test is complete. This can take several minutes.
Step3. Hold the “Mode” button for three seconds, until the LEDs left of the “Mode” button turn green, and then release it. The “Mode” button is in the bottom-left corner of the switch.
Step4. Connect an Ethernet cable to any of the switch’s Ethernet ports and plug the other end into your computer. Check that the lights on the switch and your computer’s Ethernet card are green and wait 30 seconds.
Step5. Open a web browser on your PC and enter “10.0.0.1″ into the address bar. This brings you to the Cisco 3750′s Express Setup page.
Step6. Enter “10.0.0.1″ into the “IP Address” field of the “Basic Settings” tab. If you are connecting the switch to the Internet through a modem or router, enter the modem or router’s IP address in the “Default Gateway” field. The modem or router’s IP address should be in its manual.
Step7. Enter a password in the “Switch Password” field, and repeat it in the “Confirm Switch Password” field. This password will be required to access the switch’s configuration page in the future.
Step8. Enter a name for the switch and fill in the date, time and time zone information under “Optional Settings” if you wish. Basic configuration is now complete, though you may wish to alter some advanced settings as well.
Step9. Click on the “Advanced Settings” tab.
Step10. Click “Enable” beside “Telnet Access” if you plan to use Telnet to manage the switch using a command-line interface. Enter a password into the “Telnet Password” and “Confirm Telnet Password” fields as well.
Step11. Click “Enable” beside “SNMP” to enable Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). This option should only be enabled if you plan to manage the switch using CiscoWorks 2000 or another SNMP system. You must enter the “Read Community,” “Write Community,” “System Contact” and “System Location” information if you enable SNMP.
Step12. Check the “Enable IPv6″ box if you wish to enable it. IPv6 features better support for mobile devices like cell phones and PDAs, simplified address auto-configuration, and improved data encryption, compared to IPv4. Enabling IPv6 will restart your switch when exiting Express Setup.
Step13．Click “Submit” to save and apply your settings. Your Cisco 3750 should now be configured and ready to install in your service network.

More about Cisco 3750:
The Cisco 3750 Switches are innovative switches that improve LAN operating efficiency by combining industry-leading ease of use and high resiliency for stackable switches. And Cisco 3750 series features Cisco Stack Wise technology, a 32-Gbps stack interconnect that allows customers to build a unified, highly resilient switching system, one switch at a time.
For mid-sized organizations and enterprise branch offices, the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series eases deployment of converged applications and adapts to changing business needs by providing configuration flexibility, support for converged network patterns, and automation of intelligent network-services configurations. What’s more, Catalyst 3750 Series Switch is optimized for high-density Gigabit Ethernet deployments and includes a diverse range of switches that meet access, aggregation, or small-network backbone-connectivity requirements. So if you are an enterprise branch office, requiring higher quality network services, Cisco 3750 will be a good choice.

ONLINE IT HELP DESK

Online IT help Desk

What's the catch? There is no catch!

google-site-verification: google162ef6235ce393de.html Your first agent comes with all the refreshing capabilities that your second, third or gazzilionth agent have. Like robust ticket management, the ability to support customers through Twitter and Facebook, engaging with your customers through community forums, and even supporting multiple brands, products or support portals. All the features available in the Freshdesk plan you choose.
Except the first support agent is free forever.
That’s like one agent in your team saving you $480 per year with a free support software.

Running a one-agent helpdesk? How about a Free Support Software for life?

So what happens if your customer support team consists of just one person? If you are thinking of that four letter word that starts with an F, you got it right! You can support your customers like a pro, except instead of paying through your nose, you get a FREE help desk software with Freshdesk. You read that right. Your monthly cost with Freshdesk is exactly zero dollars. Including taxes!

Ooh, shiny! But why do you need a free online help desk agent?

Supporting customers can be really stressful. A lot of fun, but really stressful every once in a while. Especially if you are using complicated free support software or open source tools. That's why Freshdesk gives you one free help desk agent. So you can give your customers a refreshing support experience. Just like thousands of agents from some of the coolest start ups and hottest enterprises do with Freshdesk, every day. Plus you get to save dollars as well...

And who knows... You could even be buying some organic oranges with the savings, in turn reducing global warming, and make the world a nicer place for everyone. Refreshing!

But what about when I want to add more agents?

From the second agent on, each additional agent you add will be charged as per the plan you choose. Your first support agent, however, will continue to remain free, forever.

Convinced already? Sign up now and get your free agent, or see which of our plans makes most sense to you. You might even be eligible for some discounts!

Online Help Desk

IT Research, Tips & Articles

 

Online Help Desk: Four Features to Consider

What's the best way to manage your company's help desk? The answer is simple: run it online. With an online help desk, you'll be able to run a more efficient, streamlined help desk for your company's IT department.
With so many companies offering different help desk options, you may get overwhelmed with all the different features each software program provides. Here is a list of four key features you should consider before selecting the online help desk software you wish to use.

1. Tracking and reportingThis is a great feature that provides IT pros with a system for sharing, supervising, and submitting help desk reports. With the use of customized dashboards, you can review and manage the status of all pending issues at a glance.
2. Calendar schedulingYour online help desk should also provide a calendar, which is useful for scheduling issues or employee service requests that don't require an immediate response. So let's say you need to upgrade or install new software or security patches on employee computers, you may set it up for 3 am Wednesday so you don't risk interrupting employee workflow.
3. Knowledge BaseLook for software solution that offers a knowledge base. This component provides common solutions to previous problems that are likely to come up again, and prevents them from reoccurring. A knowledge base can provide answers to some of the most common issues that you or your customers may encounter.
4. Desktop ApplicationsDesktop Applications is a very useful feature of online help desk software which allows IT staff to access the computer that is having problems and allows the staff to solve it directly.

These are just a few of the many features to keep in mind. With a little research, you'll have the confidence to choose the best online help desk solution to stay on top of all your IT needs.

 

GOLD RECOVERY FROM CELL PHONES & COMPUTERS

Learn How to Recycle Gold, Silver, Copper, and Palladium Pieces from
an Old LG LX550 Cell Phone
Is There Gold in Computers & Cell Phones..?
With over 300 tons of gold used in electronics each year, end-of-life electronic equipment offers an important recycling potential for the secondary supply of gold. With gold concentrations reaching 300-350 g/t for mobile phone handsets and 200-250 g/t for computer circuit boards, this “urban mine” is significantly richer than what is available in primary ores. Although miniaturization and thrifting efforts drive down the specific gold input, the booming growth in sales of electronic devices and their inbuilt features to become “smarter and quicker every year” have led to a substantial net increase in gold demand over recent years. Mobile phones and computers are a good example in this context. At the end of their use, these and other electronic
products offer an important recycling potential for the
secondary supply of gold.

Scrap Gold Recovery from Your Computer Gold and Silver Recovery - Refining Computer Parts
Short video on 2-step process of stripping gold plating from high-grade computer CPUs, pins and edge connectors.
6 min
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtpnMxThnXk  Gold and Silver Refining Video 2 -- Silver Metal ...5 min - Uploaded by tcsnet
Video follows up on the process of stripping gold plating from high-grade computer CPUs, pins and edge connectors in video #1 ...
youtube.com -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSFcPVlH3QU


Recovering Gold from Computer Parts
"Gold Recovery for Dummies?" Is there any easiest method for gold recovery without using acids and chemicals... I have old computer parts that I am scrapping. ...
http://www..finishing.com/336/16.shtml
How to Recycle Computer Gold | eHow.com - As the demand for computer recycling increases, many companies are discovering that recovery of gold from computer parts is an excellent way to recover ...
http://www.ehow.com/how_4578822_recycle-computer-gold.html
 
 

NETWORKING

What is ipconfig?

A commmand line utility available on all modern versions of Microsoft Windows, ipconfig allows you to get the IP address information of a Windows computer. It also offers some controls for managing active TCP/IP connections.

Read More

Other Windows Network Technologies

• DHCP
• ICS
• APIPA

What Is Li-Fi?

Wednesday October 3, 2012

The term Li-Fi is increasingly being used to refer to the use of Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology in wireless computer networking. (Note: This is different from "LiFi" projection TV technology introducted by Panasonic in 2007.) Li-Fi made news last year as researchers demonstrated VLC running at rates up to 800 Mbps. Research and development work on VLC continues, with no real products expected to arrive on the market anytime soon, yet the technology intrigues those looking for alternatives to Wi-Fi. A unique aspect of VLC is that connections only work when the device has a direct line of sight to the light transmitter. In some cases, especially when using mobile devices, this could become a major annoyance. Others, though, see it as a helpful security feature: Neighbors (or even people in the next room) will have a hard time sniffing your VLC connection.
→ More - 'Li-Fi' Provides a Light Bulb Moment for Wireless Web
→ See also - The Proliferation of *Fi

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U.S Government Missed Its IPv6 Deadline

Saturday September 29, 2012

Two years ago, President Obama's administration set a deadline of September 30th 2012 for U.S. government public Web site domains to be enabled for IPv6. Two weeks ago, only 1% of tested domains had been successfully enabled according to data published by the Advanced Network Technologies Division of NIST. Despite a rush of new deployments since, the vast majority of sites (more than 80%) were still ready for the new protocol. While its easy to criticize the government for moving slowly and missing their own deadline, the transition to IPv6 has taken longer than planned most everywhere in the world. President Obama's re-election chances probably won't take a hit here.

computers brands

A vast number of computer brands exist or have manufactured computers in the past. Read on for a detailed list of twelve major brands and where each brand's computers can be purchased...
ACER: This brand offers desktop, laptop, and tablet computers, as well as various accessories. Their products are relatively inexpensive, although usually not among the cheapest, and can be purchased at Staples, OfficeMax, Wal-Mart, Office Depot, and Radio Shack.
APPLE: Having first become popular with its Apple II computer series, Apple makes a variety of desktop and laptop computers, as well as accessories. Its products are generally more expensive, but Apple operating systems are known for being less susceptible to viruses than those offered by other brands. Apple computers are available at CompUSA and Best Buy stores, as well as The Apple Store.
COMPAQ: The role of Compaq in the computer industry is not as great as it once was, having been acquired by Hewlett-Packard and given secondary priority, with their website now part of HP.com. They offer several models of inexpensive (as little as $340) laptop and desktop computer systems; these are sold by Wal-Mart, Office Depot, OfficeMax, and Radio Shack.
DELL: This brand (formerly "PC's Limited") is known for inexpensive desktop and laptop computers, as well as its technique of assembling computer systems after customers have ordered the particular configuration they desire from its website. Their prices are usually only rivaled by eMachines, Everex, and Compaq brands. Dell also offers printers, monitors, and other accessories.
EMACHINES: One of the few brands to offer lower prices than Dell (although not as inexpensive as Everex) on some computer models, eMachines makes tower-style desktop computers and monitors. Many of their computers use AMD, rather than Intel, processors. They are available at Office Depot and Best Buy, among others.
EVEREX: Although not one of the most well-known brands, Everex has made computer products for many years; according to wikipedia.org, it started producing personal computers in 1985. It recently attracted attention (news article) for introducing a new under-$300 energy-efficient desktop computer. Everex brand computer systems can be bought from Wal-Mart, Sam's Club, Best Buy, and OfficeMax stores.
HP: Hewlett-Packard makes desktop and laptop computers, as well as printers, digital cameras, and other computer equipment. Their computer systems tend to have AMD processors more often than Intel and are moderately priced. They can be purchased at Office Depot, Staples, OfficeMax, Wal-Mart, and Radio Shack.
IBM/LENOVO: Known for introducing IBM-compatible computers and its popular ThinkPad laptops, IBM has been acquired by Lenovo. Some, but not all, models in its ThinkCentre series are compact desktop-style units. Computer equipment from these two brands can be purchased at moderate expense in Office Depot or CompUSA stores.
PANASONIC: Unlike many brands, Panasonic only makes laptop computers; its "Toughbook" series is fairly expensive and designed to be more heavy-duty than other models. It also offers printers and a few other accessories. Toughbook laptops can be purchased at Office Depot and Panasonic's website.
SONY: Best known for its Vaio laptop computer series, Sony also makes some relatively expensive small desktop computer models. It sells monitors and keyboards as well. Customers can buy Sony computer systems at Staples, Best Buy, Radio Shack, and Office Depot.
TOSHIBA: Like Panasonic, this is another of the brands which focuses on laptop computers, along with making other electronics. Models include the Portege, Satellite, and Tecra. They can be purchased at Wal-Mart and Radio Shack.
Other brands include Averatec (laptops only), Gateway, and various expensive brands which make systems oriented toward newer processor-demanding computer games. Brands which are no longer selling computers but can often be bought used include Zenith, Tandy, NCR, Packard Bell (no longer sold new in U.S. or Canada), AST, and Amiga. Although different characteristics and levels of quality, reliability, and customer support can generally be expected from each of the brands, it is best to read as many reviews as possible of an individual model before purchasing it.

Networking and Cabling Services

 

Why manage your Network when you would rather manage your business?

Networking and computer systems are complicated to set up and maintain. Hi Tech Informatics has several years of networking experience and has worked with leading companies such as IBM, Lenovo, and Cisco. We realize that the needs of every company are different, and therefore work with each individual customer to set up a personalized networking setup, keeping in mind the demands on the network and the budget for your computer systems and networking.

Hi Tech Informatics' professional service consultants can assess your network infrastructure; quantify the performance of your network assets; design an effective network architecture; and implement your network strategy. We can help you address areas of risk and plan for expansion and growth. 

 

Network Architecture & Design
Hi Tech Informatics helps you plan for optimal network performance at all stages of your network lifecycle from pre-deployment and new service introduction to ongoing expansion. Hi Tech Informatics has significant, real-world experience in delivering lifecycle solutions from planning and deployment to ongoing operations.
Network Architecture Services

• Detail project plan

• Network topology, traffic and capacity patterns

• Network cabling

• IP network modeling

• High-Level network design including overall topology, network diagrams, and multi-vendor integration including project recommendations

• Management reporting packages

Hi Tech Informatics network services are focussed on directly impacting your bottom line – Accelerate time-to-market, Maximize resource utilization, and improve return on nvestment. Our network architecture team combines theoretical design knowledge with practical implementation experience to provide a high-level network design and plan for the physical implementation of the network. Hi Tech Informatics works interactively with your team to create an effective network design and recommend industry best practices to ensure, scalable, reliable and resilient network infrastructure. Experienced
engineers analyze and assess network status to identify system performance, security, and application requirements, as well as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) necessary to build a solid foundation for the network implementation.
Network Design Services
Our approach is focused on improving your bottom line – Improve Quality of Service (QOS), Reduce implementation costs, and finally simplify ongoing operation. We deliver the following

• Engineering Design Package containing

• Equipment layout and Layer 1 connections

• Detailed configuration information

• IP addressing for all regional routes

• Layer 2 & 3 detailed design

• System configurations and site-level documentation of configuration parameters

• System installation requirements

• System integration requirements

• Detailed equipment list and naming conventions

• Detailed Network Management System (NMS) information

• Protocol lists and their application to the design

Utilizing the high-Level design produced in network architecture service, Hi Tech Informatics engineers develop a complete, implementation ready engineering design package documenting the configuration parameters for equipments at specific sites. By partnering with Hi Tech Informatics, you are able to take advantage of our expert resources and produce comprehensive design solution that achieves your objectives.

Pocket Projectors

Things to Know About Pocket Projectors

Are you thinking about buying a pocket projector? Well according to Stuff.tv there are a few things that you need to know before you rush off and buy one. Pico projectors come in all shapes and sizes from the really small Optoma Pico projector to the much bigger in comparison, Dell MS109S.
First thing to remember is that they all very small. Most of them can fit into your coat pocket or even in your pants pocket. The only downside to having the tiny projectors is that sometimes their accessories could be bigger and more cumbersome than the projectors themselves.
Another thing to consider is that not all of these projectors require a external source. Most of the projectors on the market have either an internal memory or a SD card slot that can store video, photos, or presentations. It is highly recommended to find a pocket projector with memory because it eliminates the need for extra cables or even a laptop at your presentation.
One of the more important things to remember is that pocket projector is not yet ready to display quality pictures for long lengths of time. If you use the projectors’ internal battery you will only have between 30 and 120 minutes of use between charges, depending on which projector you have. While that is good for a presentation or a 30 minute TV show, it is not yet ready for full length movies.
Also consider that most pico projectors are not very bright, and require almost complete darkness to display a quality image. This could be a problem especially if you are giving a presentation that requires listeners to write down things or make notes. The reason for the low brightness are the introduction of LED technology, but there is a lot of hope that pocket projectors will be able to display bright crisp images in a few years.
[via Stuff.tv]

Aiseesoft

Aiseesoft iPad Transfer

Aiseesoft iPad Transfer permits you to import the video/audio files and photos from your iPad to PC and also allows you to transfer the photos from your PC to iPad. This best iPad Transfer software also can help you to convert the DVD and video files to the iPad video and audio formats. Furthermore, iPad Transfer supports all the iPad/iPod/iPhone models.

With this iPad Transfer, what you need to do is just connect your iPad to PC and click your mouse. All the transfer or conversion process can be finished in a short while. This iPad Transfer supports iPhone 4S, iPad 2 and iOS 5.

New Features:
• >>Highly support iPhone 4S, iPad 2 and iOS 5
• >>Edit ID3 info of files on iOS 5 devices
• >>Fix some other bugs

Aiseesoft iPad Transfer is the best software for the iPad users. With this best iPad Transfer, you can transfer files between computer and iPad. And also it supports all the iPad/iPod/iPhone devices.

• Transfer all images, music and videos from your iPad to the system for the backup
  Available to copy the files like videos files, audio files and images from your system to the iPad, so that you can fully enjoy them.
  
• Converting the DVDs, audios and videos to the iPad
  It provides a solution of converting the DVDs, audios and videos to the iPad.
  
• Transfer from Computer to iPad
  With the best iPad Transfer software, you can import files from computer to iPad instead of iTunes including music, videos, pictures, playlists, TV shows, etc.
  
• All kinds of the iPod and iPhone versions supported The software supports all the iPod and iPhone versions such as iPod 1 G/ 2G/ 3G/ 4G/ classic/ mini/ nano1/ nano 2/ nano 3/ nano 4/ shuffle 1/ shuffle 2/ shuffle 3/ touch/ touch 2/ iPhone, iPhone os 3.0/3.1, iPhone 3G, iPhone, etc.
  
• Store the converted files in My Cache
  You can store the converted files in My Cache first, and transfer them to your device any time.
  

 

3D Printer

Again, thank you very much for the interest in the project and all support. We have been working hard to bring this high resolution 3D Printer to all of you.

Before our FAQ, I would like to share a really nice thing with you. I printed some amazing bracelets (link) that I found through Google and posted here in our blog, however I didn’t know who created it.

I got the comment from him (Jesse Louis-Rosenberg) this week and I am very impressed with their work… check this out… http://n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/blog/ I hope we can print some more of their work…

FAQ 4:

Q: There are plans to sell worldwide when it's ready?
A: We will be selling everywhere

Q: How much the 3D Printer will cost? (This is the main question we have received)
A: Unfortunately we don’t have the price yet as we are still finishing the design and material needed. We know that will be cheap, really affordable for a hobbyist, designers and home users.

Q: How much cost the resins?
A: The resin cost is quite high at this moment because of the volume, over 350 per litter. We truly believe that this can go down once the volume increases, this means we need big number of people using the technology to have good price for the resin. I hope this happens as soon we bring a low cost printer to the market.

Q: How much cost the software? Can I buy just the software?
A: The software price is still in discussion.

Q: Will the resin be open source?
A: Most probably not, because you can’t find the raw material easily to buy and some countries you will need government license to buy it. However the mixed material can be commercialized as resin. Additionally if we manage to buy together from one vendor we will reduce the price drastically.

Computer Connectors

What is a computer? No, no, no, it's not the keyboard, and it's not the mouse, and not the screen on which you see everything you're doing, including reading this, and it's not the printer, either. A computer is a box. A smart box, to be sure, but not smart enough without its peripherals - all that equipment mentioned a few words ago.
Without the peripherals, a computer is just like a city without suburbs. Look, and what do you see? A more or less boring gathering of office towers, in other words, downtown, or whatever passes for it these days. So, given that computers are mute, deaf, and blind without their peripherals, they need to link with them. Not only connect, but also be able to talk and listen and respond. And that's what these articles below are all about -- how to make all of this work without a glitch.

Featured Articles

Computer Ports and Connectors: A Quick Reference

With this guide, you can easily identify all those mysterious looking holes on the back of your computer.

What's connected to a computer? All about peripherals

Wondering what is connected to your PC through all those cables? Here is the skinny on computer peripherals.

How to add a slave drive

Don't be baffled by those tiny switches (and their tiny labels) on your computer's case.

How to add USB ports to your PC

If you find yourself having to unplug one USB device in order to use another, Cyberwalker can show you how to add more USB ports to your computer.

Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port

Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports are a mainstay in modern computing.

Computer Courses

NIIT’s journey to success began with a dream, a dream to bring computers and people together in a way that would allow the world to reap the benefits of IT education. To turn this dream into reality we needed to create a talent pool of bright young minds who would power the engines of growth of the global economy. This dream shaped NIIT—an organisation which started as an IT training institute in 1981, is today an Indian multinational that offers learning and knowledge solutions to 5 million students in 10 languages, across 32 countries with wholly owned subsidiaries in Asia-Pacific, Europe, Japan and USA. In the last 25 years, NIIT has successfully trained IT professionals by pioneering computer education in India – which, today, is in the forefront of global IT and BPO services trade. Since the beginning, the emphasis has been on the use of technology in education. Not only are all the education programs technology-intensive but we also provide technology-based learning solutions to leading corporates across the world. Our network reach spans 1.25 million school students, several thousand corporate executives, we also have partnerships with 69 Universities worldwide to whom we are a provider of technology and content as well as a partner in the formal education space.. With a wide reach over 250 cities & towns in India with over 480 education centers and learning hubs in over 180 academic institutions, no wonder, Dataquest has conferred upon NIIT, the Top IT Training Company Award 2007.

NIIT has been working closely with global leaders in Technology to provide training on state-of-the-art technology platforms.The alliances with some of the most eminent names in the industry like Adobe, CompTIA, Cisco, EMC2 , Microsoft, Oracle, Sun Microsystems, Sun Solaris, SAS Institute and many more to ensure that the students capitalize on the latest skills and technology trends, so that they are better able to meet the ever-increasing industry requirements. An institute is recognised by the demand for its students in the industry. That is why, we at NIIT have an industry collaboration division with an unmatched track record in helping young NIIT-ians find their dream careers. In fact, NIIT has been rated as the first choice of employers for recruitment by Dataquest. NIIT’s strong research orientation enables it to constantly innovate in the areas of instructional design methodologies and curricula development. A unique “industry-endorsed curriculum,” crafted by NIIT enhances the job-readiness and employability of learners and equips them for the real world of work. At the same time, the company also addresses the skill requirements of IT professionals and engineers who wish to upgrade their skills on new and emerging technologies. Some Key learning solutions for Individuals include the following:

Computer Battery

BatteryMon is a battery monitoring software solution. It has been designed as an easy-to-use Windows based application that allows users to monitor the performance of laptop batteries and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).

• Graphically see the charge / discharge rate
• Diagnose problem battery cells with detailed statistics
• Compare and measure your batteries' performance with expected discharge rates
• See the critical discharge point for your batteries
• Uniquely identify battery packs for tracking purposes or system inventories
• Log the performance of a battery for later reference
• See the status of each individual battery pack, when multiple batteries are in use

     Batteries, given their chemical nature, are prone to wear, corrosion, leakage and outright failure due to events like short circuits and lightning strikes. Given their propensity to fail and to have decreased performance over time, it is important to be able to identify and monitor their performance. With BatteryMon, monitoring the state of your laptop battery or UPS has never been easier. BatteryMon has the following features:

• Battery charge level is graphed in real time, along with an extrapolated trend line and comparison trend line.
• A log file is maintained of the battery charge level and other statistics for later analysis.
• Configurable sample period.
• A comprehensive help file.
• Detailed system and status information about each battery installed (see below).
• An interface to BurnInTest in order to evaluate battery performance, while under load.
• Mini window mode that shows multiple batteries charging/discharging status as well as life percentage, estimated running time and more (with adjustable transparency for Windows 2000 and later).

Typical users include portable computer repair centers, system integrators, server administrators who must manage UPSes and, home users wanting to test their battery or UPS.

Motherboard

The main circuit board of a microcomputer. The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. Typically, the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive. Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's chipset.
On most PCs, it is possible to add memory chips directly to the motherboard. You may also be able to upgrade to a faster PC by replacing the CPU chip. To add additional core features, you may need to replace the motherboard entirely.
Motherboard is sometimes abbreviated as mobo.
See "What You Need to Know About Motherboards" in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.
Also see From AT to BTX: Motherboard Form Factors  in Webopedia's "Did You Know...?" section.

PRINTERS

A device that prints text or illustrations on paper. There are many different types of printers. In terms of the technology utilized, printers fall into the following categories:

daisy-wheel: Similar to a ball-head typewriter, this type of printer has a plastic or metal wheel on which the shape of each character stands out in relief. A hammer presses the wheel against a ribbon, which in turn makes an ink stain in the shape of the character on the paper.Daisy-wheel printers produce letter-quality print but cannot print graphics.

dot-matrix: Creates characters by striking pins against an ink ribbon. Each pin makes a dot, and combinations of dots form characters and illustrations.

ink-jet: Sprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.

laser: Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text and graphics.

LCD & LED : Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the drum.

line printer: Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.

thermal printer: An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.

Printers are also classified by the following characteristics:

quality of type: The output produced by printers is said to be either letter quality (as good as a typewriter), near letter quality, or draft quality. Only daisy-wheel, ink-jet, and laser printers produce letter-quality type. Some dot-matrix printers claim letter-quality print, but if you look closely, you can see the difference.

speed: Measured in characters per second (cps) or pages per minute (ppm), the speed of printers varies widely. Daisy-wheel printers tend to be the slowest, printing about 30 cps. Line printers are fastest (up to 3,000 lines per minute). Dot-matrix printers can print up to 500 cps, and laser printers range from about 4 to 20 text pages per minute.

impact or non-impact: Impact printers include all printers that work by striking an ink ribbon. Daisy-wheel, dot-matrix, and line printers are impact printers. Non-impact printers include laser printers and ink-jet printers. The important difference between impact and non-impact printers is that impact printers are much noisier.

graphics: Some printers (daisy-wheel and line printers) can print only text. Other printers can print both text and graphics.

fonts : Some printers, notably dot-matrix printers, are limited to one or a few fonts. In contrast, laser and ink-jet printers are capable of printing an almost unlimited variety of fonts. Daisy-wheel printers can also print different fonts, but you need to change the daisy wheel, making it difficult to mix fonts in the same document.

Processor

Introduction

The processor (CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is the computer's brain. It allows the processing of numeric data, meaning information entered in binary form, and the execution of instructions stored in memory.

The first microprocessor (Intel 4004) was invented in 1971. It was a 4-bit calculation device with a speed of 108 kHz. Since then, microprocessor power has grown exponentially. So what exactly are these little pieces of silicone that run our computers?

Operation

The processor (called CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is an electronic circuit that operates at the speed of an internal clock thanks to a quartz crystal that, when subjected to an electrical currant, send pulses, called "peaks". The clock speed (also called cycle), corresponds to the number of pulses per second, written in Hertz (Hz). Thus, a 200 MHz computer has a clock that sends 200,000,000 pulses per second. Clock frequency is generally a multiple of the system frequency (FSB, Front-Side Bus), meaning a multiple of the motherboard frequency.

With each clock peak, the processor performs an action that corresponds to an instruction or a part thereof. A measure called CPI (Cycles Per Instruction) gives a representation of the average number of clock cycles required for a microprocessor to execute an instruction. A microprocessor’s power can thus be characterized by the number of instructions per second that it is capable of processing. MIPS (millions of instructions per second) is the unit used and corresponds to the processor frequency divided by the CPI.

Instructions

An instruction is an elementary operation that the processor can accomplish. Instructions are stored in the main memory, waiting to be processed by the processor. An instruction has two fields:

• the operation code, which represents the action that the processor must execute;
• the operand code, which defines the parameters of the action. The operand code depends on the operation. It can be data or a memory address.